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Methodology
01
ASEAN-6 Countries
This edition provides in-depth coverage of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam selected for the depth and comparability of available company and market data. They provide a strong lens on regional trends. We recognise that Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Timor-Leste have distinct transition priorities and opportunities that are not yet captured in our dataset.
02
Startup and SME definition
We have defined “startups” as companies founded 5 years ago or fewer, and “SMEs” as all other small and medium-sized companies founded since 2000.
In this report, we have used “startups” or “startups and SMEs” as shorthand for startups, scale-ups, and SMEs. We recognise that “scale-ups” is not a commonly-used term.
03
Assignment of companies
Each company is assigned 1 industry and as many as 3 activities, as we recognise that some technologies are effective and impactful in different use cases. Companies were primarily classified by the location of their headquarters. We acknowledge that some companies headquartered in Singapore may have the majority of their operations elsewhere in Southeast Asia.
04
How we found the companies
We drew on our own databases (accumulated from over a decade of scouting for innovation programmes and events), other databases (such as Tracxn and CB Insights), web searches, and consultations with ecosystem partners. We recognise that we may not have the full count of companies. For example, startups in stealth mode and SMEs could be delivering great products without a public profile.
05
Taxonomy
For the inaugural edition, we adopted and added to the original 46 activity areas (106 sub-activities) in the “Global Green Economy Report” by Arup and Oxford Economics (2023). We grouped the activities into 7 thematic sectors. In the 2025 edition, we evolved the taxonomy by adding activities, clarifying sub-activities and reorganised the sectors (most notably a new “Industrial Decarbonisation” section). For the 2026 edition, we have maintained the 2025 taxonomy.
06
2026 versus 2025/2024 database
We tracked companies covered in previous editions and verified that they are still active (or have pivoted to an area still relevant to the Green Economy (within our taxonomy). In this edition, we added 59 companies.
Our intent for the Landscape is to point to opportunities in the green economy rather than to delve into the specifics of the startup ecosystem. Therefore, we have not included year-on-year comparisons and detailed analysis of the startups.
Caveats
We acknowledge that some companies headquartered in Singapore may have the majority of their operations elsewhere in Southeast Asia. We recognise that we may not have the full count of companies. For example, startups in stealth mode and SMEs could be delivering great products without a public profile. Given that our intent for the Landscape is to point to opportunities in the green economy rather than to delve into the specifics of the startup ecosystem, we have not included year-on-year comparisons or detailed analysis of the startups. We recognise that "scale-ups" is not a commonly used term. We use "startups" or "startups and SMEs" as shorthand for startups, scale-ups, and SMEs.